Pastoralism is a form of livestock farming based on respect for nature. It protects the land by promoting biodiversity and preventing hydrogeological degradation. Historically, grazing activities have helped reduce poverty and ensure food security in many contexts. In recent decades, however, inland areas such as the Cilento have seen pastoralism decline because of economic, social and cultural challenges. Organisations active in the sector have recently stepped in to raise awareness of the issue, for example by adopting the Piaggine Charter on mountain pastoralism in Mediterranean countries. The document will be presented for the first time during the talk, with the aim of addressing the topic in areas so closely tied to it. Experts and key figures from the sector will tell us about the policies and practices that can encourage the resilience of pastoral communities: Sabatino Troisi, Angelo Lo Conte, Daniela Cennamo, Mario di Bartolomeo and Carmine Farnetano. Guided by the narration of Giuseppe Rivello, the discussion will look at the future prospects for this practice and the socio-economic and environmental consequences that its gradual disappearance may have on the territory.